This article
appeared in International Wrist Watch Magazine, 1998 Issue Number
35. It generated a lot of interest and good comments. Since it demonstrates
the kinds of services I offer, I thought it was worthwhile to put
on my site. Other articles that I've written for this magazine are:
1996 Number
30, How A Watch Works: An overview of the fundamentals of the watch
mechanism.
1997 Number 33, Chronograph Basics: An introduction to popular vintage
chronograph movements.
1997-98 Number 34, Watch Cleaning Practices: The different methods,
showing not all 'cleanings' are alike.
1998, Number 36, Rolex Automatics: The evolution of the 'Perpetual'
movement, from the 1930's to the 1970's.
1998, Number 37, Watch Maintenance: Why regular servicing is necessary,
what parts wear out, etc.
2000, Number 41, Collecting Vintage Watches: A good primer for the
new collector on commonly available watches, showing which brands
are the best value, etc.
Most of my
recent articles are on my line of Thomas Gref watches. Contact
International Wrist Watch Magazine at
www.iwmagazine.com
Restoring a Gruen Curvex
Copyright 1997,
Tom Gref
Most people probably
do not know what is involved in repairing and restoring a typical
vintage wristwatch. I thought it would be interesting and educational
to describe this process from start to finish, in both words and photographs.
I selected this
gold-filled 1940’s Gruen Curvex as a typical example of a non-complicated
watch restoration. It has the popular 17 jewel Gruen 440 caliber movement,
measuring 8 3/4 lignes by 9 3/4 lignes. This watch, in particular,
had may common ailments and therefore helps illustrate many of the
common solutions.
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The watch,
as received, is shown. There are a number of different things
that I look at when evaluating such a piece, including both aesthetic
and functional details. The case was dirty, but was in good condition
without dents or worn spots. The dial was in poor original condition.
It had darkened and aged unevenly, which made it difficult to
read. Also, the hour hand was broken and the crystal was missing.
I knew from experience that the hands were not original, as they
should be leaf-shaped, so I hoped to be able to find some correct
replacements.
I am frequently
asked if discolored dials (like this one) can be cleaned, and
this answer in almost all cases is ‘no’. Generally,
dials are made of silver-plated brass. The minute track is painted
on using a stamping process, and then the entire dial is lacquered
with a thin clear-coat to prevent it from tarnishing. Raised
gold numbers are either stamped in from the back, or they are
separate pieces applied (pinned) to the dial. In most all cases
when a dial appears to be dirty, it is really an indication
of lacquer which has discolored and/or fallen off. This then
allows the underlying silver surface to tarnish. The only remedy
is to refinish the dial.
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After reviewing
the aesthetics, I moved on to examine the mechanics. I always try
to wind and set the watch first, as this is a common source of problems.
I check to see that it winds smoothly without skipping or scratching,
also noting if there is noticeable tension from the mainspring. Obviously,
no winding resistance indicates that the mainspring is broken or that
the gears have come out of mesh. I also check for wear in the mechanism
by looking at the side to side play of the crown (that is, wiggling
it from 6 o’clock to 12 o’clock). This indicates either
a worn stem, a worn winding hole in the watch plates, or both. This
watch had a worn stem.
I then pull the
crown out to check the setting functions, making sure that the crown
‘clicks’ properly between the two positions. A weak snap
action usually indicates a broken set bridge. Finally, I check to
make sure that there is proper tension when setting the hands. Hands
which set too easily can be a problem, as the resistance you feel
is the coupling force between the movement and the hands. A weak resistance
here indicates a weak coupling, so the movement could be keeping perfect
time but not driving the hands properly, giving the indication of
a substantial loss of time.
Therefore, from
my initial evaluation, I knew primarily what would be necessary to
fully restore this watch. This includes: overhauling the movement,
replacing the worn stem, finding a new set of hands and a crystal,
and refinishing the dial. The customer also wanted a new crocodile
band.
I knew that finding
an original pair of hands for this caliber would be difficult, so
I chose to locate those first. Because there are so many variations,
hands are more difficult to find and fit than most people think,.
They must be ordered by specifying the caliber of the movement (Gruen
440), the shape (leaf-shaped was most common on Curvex watches), the
color (yellow - white and blue would be other common possibilities)
and the length (in millimeters). The closest I could get to an exact
match was a pair of properly sized blued steel hands. The blue color
(caused by heat treating the steel) can be removed using an acid solution,
resulting in a shiny steel finish. I sent the hands, along with the
dial, to the dial refinisher with instructions to plate the hands
gold. This would be a correct solution, as the hands were originally
gold-plated. Although this process was a bit indirect, it did yield
good results.
I then proceeded
to find a suitable crystal. It is necessary to first measure the case
to determine the correct maximum length and width of the crystal using
vernier calipers. I wanted a curved cylinder crystal, which would
be fairly bold looking and would accentuate the curve of the watch.
I also prefer glass crystals over plastic because of their clarity
and scratch resistance, so I went to my 1960’s vintage BB glass
crystal catalog. The catalogs are arranged by size and shape, and
usually give an indication of the watch manufacturer. It is helpful
to have some old catalogs, as many of the older crystals are deleted
from the newer catalogs. I was able to locate the proper part number/crystal,
and ordered it from my supplier.
I then proceeded
to disassemble and clean the movement (Figure 5). I always completely
disassemble the movement before cleaning to get the best results possible
(some watchmakers leave the movement wholly or partially assembled
to save time.) The movement is cleaned in a purpose-built ultrasonic
cleaner using special petroleum-based cleaning solutions. It is basically
an automated 4-station process, with one cleaning, 2 rinses, and a
heated drying. Overhauling the movement was fairly routine, and after
cleaning, lubricating with synthetic oils, and adjusting it ran quite
well. It needed some minor (and routine) adjustments to the hairspring.The
case was then cleaned in an ultrasonic tank cleaner using a water-based
solution. I polished it using a 2 step process on a standard jewelers
polisher. I cut the stem to length and re-used the original signed
crown, cemented the crystal, and reassembled the watch.
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I hope that
this has given you some idea of the steps and work involved in
restoring a vintage watch. This example illustrates many of the
common ailments, and therefore much of this information can be
applied to other watches. The watch is now in good running condition
and is ready to wear and be enjoyed by its owner. |
